YULIKO x 琇的異世界*｡ﾟ

在國際貨物買賣中，主要運送方式為船舶，船舶主要又分成定期船(liner)和不定期船(tramp)。
一般定期船裝運手續為:
出口商(賣家)先去跟船公司訂好艙位(Booking Space)
船公司接受託運貨物的話會發出裝貨單(Shipping Order)，
出口商可將貨物裝上船，碼頭會簽署收貨單(Mate’s Receipt)給出口商

一般國貿貸款的清償多以押匯收款的方式完成，所謂押匯收款，就是賣方於貨物運出後，開具匯票，連同提單、商業發票、保險單等，向外匯銀行押借款項，押匯銀行再將匯票及貨運單據寄往進口地銀行收取貸款，故押匯收款的方法可以分為:
1.憑信用狀收款
2.憑D/P、D/A匯票收款
再者，若買賣雙方關係不錯，也有採用記帳或分期付款者，或寄售(consignment)

信用狀(Letter of Credit簡稱L/C或Credit)是進口商請銀行以銀行名義對出口商所發出的一封信，
告訴出口商只要合乎信內規定的事項提出匯票，將保證兌付款項，因此信用狀可以說是開狀銀行對出口商的一張承諾書。
>開狀申請人(Applicant for credit):向開狀銀行請求開發信用狀的人，通常就是進口商或買方
>開狀銀行(Opening Bank or Issuing Bank)
>受益人(Beneficiary):通常就是賣方或出口商，有時稱為匯票之開發人(Drawer)

信用狀(Letter of Credit簡稱L/C或Credit)是進口商請銀行以銀行名義對出口商所發出的一封信，
告訴出口商只要合乎信內規定的事項提出匯票，將保證兌付款項，因此信用狀可以說是開狀銀行對出口商的一張承諾書。
>開狀申請人(Applicant for credit):向開狀銀行請求開發信用狀的人，通常就是進口商或買方
>開狀銀行(Opening Bank or Issuing Bank)
>受益人(Beneficiary):通常就是賣方或出口商，有時稱為匯票之開發人(Drawer)

貿易契約書
Contract

本契約由____(甲公司)---總公司設於___(地址)(以下簡稱賣方)與___(乙公司) --總公司設於___(地址)(以下簡稱買方)於____(日期)訂定，雙方同意按下列條件成交所提貨物:
This contract is made ___(日期,ex:this 5th day of June 2021) by ____(甲公司) (hereinafter referred to as "SELLERS"), a corporation having their principal office at ____(地址), who agree to sell,and ____(乙公司) (hereinafter referred to as "BUYERS"), a corporation having their principal office at ____(地址), who agree to buy the following goods on the terms and conditions as below:

賣方收到訂貨之後，要盡快回覆買方做確認，答覆情形有3種:依訂單全部接受、局部接受、謝絕訂貨。

範例一:賣家承認買家的訂貨

Dear Sirs or Madam,
     In reply to your order of ___(日期) on ___(商品數量，如: 3,000yds white shirting), we are pleased to confirm our acceptance as shown in the enclosed Sales Note. As requested, we have arranged for immediate shipment. Please open your L/C by ___(日期) upon accepting our requirement.

     The first available ship is scheduled for departure on ___(日期). We are confident of handling your order with complete satisfaction provided your L/C reaches us by the end of ___(日期).

買賣成交方式有二種，一種是賣家報價，經過買方討價還價後，買方承諾並發出訂單；
另一種是，買方根據賣方以前送的估價單或價目表等，自行訂購。因為訂單是日後開發信用狀主要依據，有關的重要事項要明確訂定避免糾紛。

範例一:首次訂購(initial order)

Dear Sirs or Madam,

     Thank you for your letter of ___(來信日期，如10th August 2020), with which you enclosed your price list and catalog and for the sample pairs of shoes that we have also received.

範例一:買方可以接受賣家報價

Dear Sirs or Madam,

    In reply to your letter of ___(之前賣方報價的日期和資訊), we dispatched to you a letter today. For your reference, a copy of the letter is enclosed via this email as well.

    To confirm this order, we are enclosing our purchase note including shipping instructions. To ensure prompt execution, we have instructed our bankers to open an irrevocable L/C in your favor by letter, which you will receive within a few days.

    Please pay your best attention to this shipment.

範例一:賣家收到買方詢價後報價-1

Gentlemen:
    In reply to your inquiry of July 10 requesting a quotation, we have just fax you the offer sheet.
    We are assured you will find our prices are very reasonable. The market here is enjoying an upward trend, and we have no further stock available to offer at the same price. We advise you not to overlook this opportunity and hope to receive your order.
                                                                                                                                                                  Yours faithfully,

範例一:賣家對詢價的答覆-1
Dear Sirs or Madam,
    Thank you very much for your inquiry of ___(對方之前詢價日期)concerning your purchase of ___(對方欲購買的東西)  In compliance with your request, we have enclosed our latest catalog with our price list. Among our best selling products, we recommend our ___(另外推薦的型號) because it has won the ___(獲獎紀錄) and has been enjoying excellent sales ever since.
    If satisfactory, we will send ___(賣方這邊能提供的商品量) from the production line. Owing to a rush of orders, this will be our maximum quantity for the present. Together with the printed materials requested, we have sent samples, including several other models, by special delivery.
    We are very pleased to have concluded business relationships with you and hope that our appreciation will continue for a long time to come.

通常是進口的一方(如:連鎖店chain store/零售商retailer)主動向出口的一方(如:seller/foreign manufacturer)詢價

範例一:進口商查詢價格並索取樣品
Dear Sirs or Madam,
    Thank you for your consideration in establishing business relations with our company. With the prospect of great success we wish to start off with an initial order for __(商品含數量單位型號，如300 sets of your most popular digital recorder, model xxx)
    As the demand for inexpensive ___(商品) is high, we may expect a successful sale depending on the cost and quality of yours.

範例一:直接向對方所提供的銀行查詢
Dear Sirs,
    ___(公司名),who have recently proposed to do business with us, have referred us to your Bank.
    We should feel very much obliged if you would inform us whether you consider them reliable and their financial position strong, and whether their business is being carried on in a satisfactory manner.
    In addition to the above, please, if possible, also furnish us with the following information:

範例一:出口商由國際貿易機構發出招攬信-1
Gentlemen:
    In a recent issue of the ___(刊物名),we saw your name listed as being interested in purchasing ___(商品名) in this country.
    For more than a decade we have been exporting ___(商品名) to your country and we have extensive and close connections with many leading manufacturers in the country.
    Therefore we take the liberty to write you with the earnest desire of having the opportunity to enter into business relations with you.

範例一:通知開業，敬請惠顧
Gentlemen:
    We are pleased to inform you that we established ourselves as an export house of ___(販賣的產品),under the name of ___(公司名)Co., at the following address:
___(地址)
    Our staff members were trained in prominent firms and we have close connections with outstanding manufactures of ___(販賣的產品或其物件). We are very well-placed to supply you with high grade goods at competitive prices.

實用例句-起首篇
1.說明自家產品多受歡迎
Having enjoyed an excellent reputation, our products are welcomed by customers everywhere.
2.說明物美價廉
Our goods, which are of good quality, have good sales (are marketable) all over the world. In fact, our price is lower than those of other competitors in home or foreign markets.

英文書信要有禮貌(courtesy)，特別是商用書信要注意文字正確(correctness)和具體(concreteness)，以下分幾單元說明:

●尊稱(由上而下越熟悉)
Dear Sirs,
Gentlemen,

只能用單數的名詞
忠告advice
通函correspondence
資訊information
商品merchandise

在國外其實不太會一見面就聊星座(好像在台灣比較容易三兩句就聊星座)，作為茶餘飯後的話題，大家不妨記一些英文說法，也能看懂一些在講運勢的英文文章喔

●占星學和運勢相關英文單字
星座constellation= the signs of the zodiac= zodiac signs  
註:zodiac本意是黃道帶、十二宮圖，對應過來就是像生肖或星座屬相

Merry Xmas & Happy New Year!《冰雪奇緣》(Frozen)中Olaf曾說: 
"Some people are worth melting for."(有些人值得你為他融化)
聖誕節和跨年期間拿起手機來滴滴嘟嘟給心愛的朋友和家人唄~

聖誕節&跨年祝福金句
May your troubles be less, and your blessings be more, and nothing but happiness come through your door!

英文作文的萬用公式涵蓋起承轉合，在英語演講當中也有相當的引領作用，
在短時間內將脈絡爬梳出來才能讓人印象深刻，以下Yuli幫大家整理一些國高中考試常見用法，祝福大家考試時能夠從容不迫寫出好文章囉

------『起』
●首先
> Firstly,